Pallet glossary

Wood-boring beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis, native to China and Korea. Its larvae tunnel into living hardwoods such as maple, and untreated wood packaging has carried it to other continents. →

DE Asiatischer Laubholzbockkäfer · FR Capricorne asiatique · ES Escarabajo asiático de antenas largas · RU Азиатский усач · AR خنفساء ذات القرون الطويلة الآسيوية · TR Asya uzun antenli böceği

A bandsaw machine that cuts a cant or thick board lengthwise into thinner boards, with a thin kerf to maximise yield. →

DE Bandsäge-Trennmaschine (Horizontalbandsäge) · FR Déligneuse à ruban (scie de reprise) · ES Resierra de cinta · RU Ленточная делительная пила (ресоу) · AR منشار شريطي لإعادة النشر · TR Şerit yeniden biçme makinesi (şerit resaw)

A pallet whose top and bottom decks are separated by blocks, usually nine, which allows entry by forklift or pallet jack from all four sides. →

DE Blockpalette (Klotzpalette) · FR Palette à blocs · ES Palé de tacos · RU Поддон на шашках (блочный) · AR باليت بكتل (باليت كتلي) · TR Takozlu (bloklu) palet

A bluish-grey discoloration of sapwood caused by fungi; it mainly affects appearance and does not significantly reduce strength. →

DE Bläue · FR Bleuissement · ES Azulado de la madera · RU Синева древесины · AR التلوّن الأزرق · TR Mavi leke

A pallet fitted with a steel mesh or timber sides, often stackable, for storing and transporting loose or bulk goods; EPAL licenses the Gitterbox. →

DE Gitterbox (Gitterboxpalette) · FR Palette-caisse grillagée (box palette) · ES Palé jaula (contenedor de rejilla) · RU Сетчатый контейнер-поддон (гитербокс) · AR باليت شبكي (صندوق شبكي) · TR Sepet palet (kafes palet, Gitterbox)

Reel of wood, plastic or steel on which electrical cable, wire or hose is wound for storage and transport. Wooden drums are made of flanges joined by a core and fall under ISPM 15. →

DE Kabeltrommel · FR Touret de câble · ES Carrete de cable · RU Кабельный барабан · AR بكرة الكابلات · TR Kablo makarası

A log that has been squared on two or more faces by the headrig, which is then resawn into boards or processed further in a multi-rip saw. →

DE Mittelware (Cant) · FR Plot (cant) · ES Cuadradillo (cant) · RU Двухкантный (многокантный) брус · AR كانت (جذع مربّع الوجوه) · TR Kant (kaba kare kalas)

Total greenhouse gas emissions caused by a product or activity, expressed in CO2 equivalents. For wood products, carbon stored in the wood is often reported separately. →

DE CO2-Fußabdruck · FR Empreinte carbone · ES Huella de carbono · RU Углеродный след · AR البصمة الكربونية · TR Karbon ayak izi

Documented trail that tracks certified wood from forest to finished product. It lets a pallet producer label products as FSC or PEFC certified. →

DE Produktkettenzertifizierung (FSC/PEFC) · FR Chaîne de contrôle (FSC/PEFC) · ES Cadena de custodia (FSC/PEFC) · RU Цепочка поставок (chain of custody, FSC/PEFC) · AR سلسلة الحيازة (FSC/PEFC) · TR Gözetim zinciri (FSC/PEFC)

A bevelled cut on the lower leading edge of a pallet's bottom boards or stringers so that pallet jack wheels and forks can enter without catching. →

DE Fase (Anfahrschräge) · FR Chanfrein · ES Chaflán · RU Фаска · AR شطفة (حافة مائلة) · TR Pah (şev)

Pallet pooling company, part of Brambles and best known for its blue rental pallets. It operates a worldwide network in which pallets stay in its ownership and are reissued. →

DE CHEP · FR CHEP · ES CHEP · RU CHEP · AR تشيب (CHEP) · TR CHEP

A machine that compresses wood chips mixed with resin under heat into solid blocks used as pallet feet, as in Euro pallets. →

DE Pressmaschine für Presspan-Klötze · FR Presse à blocs en bois aggloméré · ES Prensa de tacos de aglomerado · RU Пресс для шашек из прессованной щепы · AR مكبس كتل الخشب المضغوط · TR Preslenmiş talaş takoz presi

Economic model that keeps products and materials in use as long as possible through reuse, repair, remanufacturing and recycling. Repairable wooden pallets are a typical example. →

DE Kreislaufwirtschaft · FR Économie circulaire · ES Economía circular · RU Экономика замкнутого цикла · AR الاقتصاد الدائري · TR Döngüsel ekonomi

Temperature-controlled supply chain that keeps perishable goods such as food and pharmaceuticals within a defined temperature range from production to delivery. →

DE Kühlkette · FR Chaîne du froid · ES Cadena de frío · RU Холодовая цепь · AR سلسلة التبريد · TR Soğuk zincir

Used pallets bought by repairers and recyclers as raw material. They are sorted by condition and either repaired for reuse or dismantled for components. →

DE Altpaletten (Cores) · FR Palettes usagées (« cores ») · ES Palés usados (cores) · RU Б/у поддоны (cores) · AR الباليتات المستعملة (Cores) · TR Kullanılmış paletler (core)

Nine standardised pallet types for the chemical industry, designated CP1 to CP9, differing in footprint and load class, in wood or plastic. →

DE CP-Paletten (CP1–CP9) · FR Palettes CP (CP1–CP9) · ES Palés CP (CP1–CP9) · RU Поддоны CP (CP1–CP9) · AR باليت CP (من CP1 إلى CP9) · TR CP paletleri (CP1–CP9)

Logistics practice of moving goods directly from inbound to outbound vehicles with little or no storage in between. It shortens handling time and reduces warehouse space needs.

DE Cross-Docking · FR Cross-docking (transbordement) · ES Cross-docking (transferencia directa) · RU Кросс-докинг · AR التفريغ والتحميل المباشر (Cross-docking) · TR Çapraz sevkiyat (cross-docking)

A saw that crosscuts boards and timber to length, usually with a stop gauge or optimising controls, to prepare pallet components. →

DE Ablängsäge (Kappsäge) · FR Scie à tronçonner · ES Sierra de tronzar · RU Торцовочная пила · AR منشار قص طولي (قطع بالأطوال) · TR Boy kesme testeresi

A machine that strips bark from logs, usually with a rotating ring or rotor fitted with tools, before sawing or chipping. →

DE Entrindungsmaschine · FR Écorceuse · ES Descortezadora · RU Окорочный станок · AR آلة إزالة اللحاء · TR Kabuk soyma makinesi

Removal of bark from logs or sawn timber; ISPM 15 requires wood packaging to be debarked, with only small bark pieces tolerated. →

DE Entrinden · FR Écorçage · ES Descortezado · RU Окорка · AR إزالة اللحاء (التقشير) · TR Kabuk soyma

One of the boards nailed across the stringers or blocks to form the top or bottom surface of a pallet; the outer ones are called lead boards. →

DE Deckbrett · FR Planche de plateau · ES Tabla de piso · RU Доска настила · AR لوح السطح · TR Döşeme tahtası

Moisture-absorbing material, such as silica gel, placed in sealed packaging to keep humidity low. Used in export crates to prevent condensation and corrosion during sea transport. →

DE Trockenmittel · FR Déshydratant · ES Desecante · RU Осушитель (влагопоглотитель) · AR مادة مجففة (Desiccant) · TR Nem alıcı (desikant)

An ISPM 15 treatment that heats wood from within using microwave or radio-frequency energy until the whole profile reaches at least 60 °C for one minute. →

DE Dielektrische Erwärmung (DH) · FR Chauffage diélectrique (DH) · ES Calentamiento dieléctrico (DH) · RU Диэлектрический нагрев (DH) · AR التسخين العازل (DH) · TR Dielektrik ısıtma (DH)

A smaller pallet, such as 800 × 600 mm (half Euro) or 600 × 400 mm (quarter), used for retail displays and promotional stacks. →

DE Displaypalette (Halb-/Viertelpalette) · FR Palette de présentation (demi/quart de palette) · ES Palé de exposición (medio/cuarto de palé) · RU Дисплейный поддон (половинный/четвертной) · AR باليت العرض (نصف/ربع باليت) · TR Teşhir paleti (yarım/çeyrek palet)

Loose wood or other material used to support, separate or secure cargo in a container, ship or truck; wooden dunnage falls under ISPM 15. →

DE Stauholz (Dunnage) · FR Fardage · ES Material de estiba (dunnage) · RU Крепёжно-распорный материал (дюннаж) · AR مواد الدعم والتثبيت (دنّاج) · TR Dönaj (destek ve ara malzemesi)

L-shaped strip of cardboard, plastic or other material placed on the vertical edges of a palletised load. It spreads the pressure of straps and stretch film and protects the corners of the packages. →

DE Kantenschutz · FR Cornière de protection · ES Cantonera · RU Защитный уголок · AR واقي الزوايا · TR Köşe koruyucu

Metallic-green beetle, Agrilus planipennis, native to East Asia. Its larvae kill ash trees by feeding under the bark; it has devastated ash in North America after arriving in wood packaging. →

DE Asiatischer Eschenprachtkäfer · FR Agrile du frêne · ES Barrenador esmeralda del fresno · RU Ясеневая изумрудная узкотелая златка · AR حفار الدردار الزمردي · TR Zümrüt kül böceği

European standard series specifying the production and test requirements for 1200 × 800 mm (part 1) and 1200 × 1000 mm (part 2) wooden pallets. →

DE EN 13698 · FR EN 13698 · ES EN 13698 · RU EN 13698 · AR EN 13698 · TR EN 13698

The European Pallet Association, founded in 1991, which licenses producers and repairers, sets quality rules and controls the marking of Euro pallets. →

DE EPAL · FR EPAL · ES EPAL · RU EPAL · AR EPAL · TR EPAL

A standardised four-way block pallet measuring 1200 × 800 mm, made to EPAL rules and marked EPAL on its corner blocks, and exchangeable across Europe. →

DE Europalette (EPAL-Europalette) · FR Palette Europe (EPAL) · ES Palé europeo (EPAL) · RU Европоддон (EPAL) · AR باليت أوروبي (EPAL) · TR Euro palet (EPAL)

A closed or open wooden case, built from a frame with sheathing, used to protect heavy or fragile goods in long-distance and sea freight. →

DE Exportkiste (Überseekiste) · FR Caisse d'exportation · ES Caja de exportación · RU Экспортный ящик · AR صندوق التصدير · TR İhracat sandığı

Policy principle making producers financially or organisationally responsible for products and packaging once they become waste, including collection, recycling and reporting. →

DE Erweiterte Herstellerverantwortung (EPR) · FR Responsabilité élargie du producteur (REP) · ES Responsabilidad ampliada del productor (RAP) · RU Расширенная ответственность производителя (РОП) · AR مسؤولية المنتج الموسّعة (EPR) · TR Genişletilmiş üretici sorumluluğu (GÜS)

A pallet that can be lifted by forks or a pallet jack from all four sides; two-way pallets allow entry from only two opposite sides. →

DE Vierwegepalette · FR Palette à quatre entrées · ES Palé de cuatro entradas · RU Четырёхзаходный поддон · AR باليت رباعي المداخل · TR Dört yönlü palet

A forest management and chain-of-custody scheme of the Forest Stewardship Council that lets certified wood products, including pallets, be traced to responsibly managed forests. →

DE FSC-Zertifizierung · FR Certification FSC · ES Certificación FSC · RU Сертификация FSC · AR شهادة FSC · TR FSC sertifikası

Road freight service in which a single shipper books an entire truck, whether or not it is completely filled. In Europe a standard trailer carries 33 Euro pallets. →

DE FTL (Komplettladung) · FR FTL (chargement complet) · ES FTL (carga completa) · RU FTL (загрузка целым автомобилем) · AR الشحن بحمولة شاحنة كاملة (FTL) · TR FTL (komple yük)

Treatment in which a gaseous pesticide is applied to goods in a sealed space to kill pests. For wood packaging it is carried out with methyl bromide or sulfuryl fluoride. →

DE Begasung · FR Fumigation · ES Fumigación · RU Фумигация · AR التبخير · TR Fümigasyon

The dominant North American stringer pallet, 48 × 40 inches (1219 × 1016 mm), named after the former Grocery Manufacturers Association. →

DE GMA-Palette (48 × 40) · FR Palette GMA (48 × 40) · ES Palé GMA (48 × 40) · RU Поддон GMA (48 × 40) · AR باليت GMA (48 × 40) · TR GMA paleti (48 × 40)

Timber from broadleaved trees such as oak, beech and birch; denser and more durable, it is used for heavy-duty pallets and crates. →

DE Laubholz · FR Bois feuillu · ES Madera de frondosas · RU Лиственная древесина · AR الخشب الصلب (أخشاب عريضة الأوراق) · TR Yapraklı ağaç odunu (sert odun)

An ISPM 15 treatment in which wood is heated until its core reaches at least 56 °C for a minimum of 30 continuous minutes. →

DE Hitzebehandlung (HT) · FR Traitement thermique (HT) · ES Tratamiento térmico (HT) · RU Термообработка (HT) · AR المعالجة الحرارية (HT) · TR Isıl işlem (HT)

An insulated chamber with heating, fans and core-temperature probes in which pallets or timber are held at 56 °C for 30 minutes to meet ISPM 15. →

DE Hitzebehandlungskammer · FR Chambre de traitement thermique · ES Cámara de tratamiento térmico · RU Камера термообработки · AR غرفة المعالجة الحرارية · TR Isıl işlem kamarası

German association for wood packaging, pallets and export packaging (Holzpackmittel, Paletten, Exportverpackung). It publishes guidelines for industrial wood packaging such as crates and seaworthy packaging. →

DE HPE · FR HPE · ES HPE · RU HPE · AR رابطة HPE الألمانية · TR HPE

International Plant Protection Convention: a multilateral treaty under the FAO that aims to prevent the spread of plant pests. It develops the International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures (ISPMs). →

DE IPPC · FR CIPV · ES CIPF · RU МКЗР · AR الاتفاقية الدولية لوقاية النباتات (IPPC) · TR IPPC

The mark on treated wood packaging showing the IPPC symbol, an ISO two-letter country code, the producer number and the treatment code such as HT. →

DE IPPC-Stempel (ISPM-15-Kennzeichen) · FR Marque CIPV (marquage NIMP 15) · ES Marca CIPF (sello NIMF 15) · RU Клеймо МКЗР (маркировка ISPM 15) · AR علامة IPPC (ختم ISPM 15) · TR IPPC damgası (ISPM 15 damgası)

The international standard defining six flat pallet sizes for intercontinental use, including 1200 × 800, 1200 × 1000 and 1219 × 1016 mm, and their marking. →

DE ISO 6780 · FR ISO 6780 · ES ISO 6780 · RU ISO 6780 · AR ISO 6780 · TR ISO 6780

International standard for pictorial marking symbols on packaging, such as 'fragile', 'this way up', 'keep dry' and 'stacking limit'. They tell handlers how to treat the goods. →

DE ISO 780 · FR ISO 780 · ES ISO 780 · RU ISO 780 · AR ISO 780 · TR ISO 780

International Standard for Phytosanitary Measures: a standard adopted under the IPPC to guide plant health measures in trade. ISPM 15 on wood packaging is the one best known to the pallet industry. →

DE ISPM · FR NIMP · ES NIMF · RU МСФМ · AR المعيار الدولي لتدابير الصحة النباتية (ISPM) · TR ISPM

The FAO/IPPC international standard that requires wood packaging material in international trade to be debarked and treated, usually by heat or fumigation, and marked to prevent the spread of pests. →

DE ISPM 15 · FR NIMP 15 · ES NIMF 15 · RU МСФМ-15 (ISPM 15) · AR المعيار الدولي ISPM 15 · TR ISPM 15

Stamp on wood packaging proving approved treatment. It shows the IPPC symbol, the ISO country code, the producer's registration number and the treatment code (HT, MB, DH or SF). →

DE ISPM-15-Kennzeichnung · FR Marque NIMP 15 · ES Marca NIMF 15 · RU Маркировка МСФМ-15 · AR وسم ISPM 15 · TR ISPM 15 işareti

Controlled drying of sawn timber in a chamber using heat, humidity and airflow to bring moisture content down to a target value, often below 20 percent. →

DE Technische Trocknung (Kammertrocknung) · FR Séchage en séchoir (séchage artificiel) · ES Secado en cámara (secado artificial) · RU Камерная сушка · AR التجفيف في الأفران · TR Fırın kurutma (kurutma kameresi)

The base of a branch embedded in the trunk, appearing as a darker, harder area in sawn timber; large or loose knots reduce strength. →

DE Ast · FR Nœud · ES Nudo · RU Сучок · AR عقدة · TR Budak

Method, standardised in ISO 14040 and 14044, for evaluating the environmental impacts of a product across its whole life, from raw materials to disposal or recycling. →

DE Ökobilanz (LCA) · FR Analyse du cycle de vie (ACV) · ES Análisis del ciclo de vida (ACV) · RU Оценка жизненного цикла (LCA) · AR تقييم دورة الحياة (LCA) · TR Yaşam döngüsü değerlendirmesi (LCA)

The maximum evenly distributed load a pallet may carry: static on a floor, dynamic when lifted and moved, and racking when supported on beams. →

DE Tragfähigkeit (statisch/dynamisch/Regal) · FR Charge admissible (statique/dynamique/en rayonnage) · ES Capacidad de carga (estática/dinámica/en estantería) · RU Грузоподъёмность (статическая/динамическая/в стеллаже) · AR السعة التحميلية (ساكنة/ديناميكية/على الأرفف) · TR Yük taşıma kapasitesi (statik/dinamik/raf)

Measures such as lashing, blocking, bracing and anti-slip mats that stop cargo from shifting, tipping or falling during transport. In Europe road practice is guided by EN 12195. →

DE Ladungssicherung · FR Arrimage de la charge · ES Sujeción de la carga · RU Крепление груза · AR تأمين الحمولة · TR Yük emniyeti

Pallet pooling provider known for its red pallets, mainly in Europe. Like other pools, it rents pallets and collects, inspects and repairs them for reuse. →

DE LPR · FR LPR · ES LPR · RU LPR · AR إل بي آر (LPR) · TR LPR

Road freight service for consignments too small to fill a whole truck, typically a few pallets. Shipments from several customers are consolidated on one vehicle. →

DE LTL (Teilladung) · FR LTL (transport en lot partiel) · ES LTL (carga fraccionada) · RU LTL (сборный груз) · AR الشحن بأقل من حمولة شاحنة (LTL) · TR LTL (parsiyel yük)

A fumigant approved under ISPM 15 for wood packaging but restricted under the Montreal Protocol because it depletes the ozone layer; it is banned in the EU for this use. →

DE Methylbromid (MB) · FR Bromure de méthyle (MB) · ES Bromuro de metilo (MB) · RU Бромистый метил (MB) · AR بروميد الميثيل (MB) · TR Metil bromür (MB)

The mass of water in wood expressed as a percentage of its oven-dry mass; measured with an oven test or a moisture meter. →

DE Holzfeuchte · FR Teneur en eau (humidité du bois) · ES Contenido de humedad · RU Влажность древесины · AR محتوى الرطوبة في الخشب · TR Nem oranı (odun nemi)

A pallet pressed in one piece from wood chips and resin under heat and pressure, nestable and light, usually for one-way export use. →

DE Pressholzpalette · FR Palette en bois aggloméré moulé · ES Palé de madera prensada · RU Прессованный поддон из древесных частиц · AR باليت الخشب المضغوط المقولب · TR Preslenmiş ahşap palet

A circular saw with several blades on one arbor that rips a cant or board into several pieces in a single pass, widely used for stringers and deck boards. →

DE Mehrblattkreissäge · FR Scie circulaire multilame · ES Sierra múltiple · RU Многопильный станок · AR منشار دائري متعدد الشفرات · TR Çok bıçaklı daire testere

A pallet designed so that empty units fit partly into one another, reducing storage and return-transport space; most are plastic. →

DE Nestbare Palette · FR Palette emboîtable · ES Palé encajable · RU Вкладываемый поддон · AR باليت متداخل · TR İç içe geçmeli palet

Failure of wood packaging to meet ISPM 15, for example a missing, illegible or false mark, or live pests found. Importing countries may order treatment, destruction or re-export of the consignment. →

DE Nichteinhaltung (Beanstandung) · FR Non-conformité · ES Incumplimiento · RU Несоответствие требованиям · AR عدم المطابقة · TR Uygunsuzluk

A machine that cuts notches in stringers so that forks can enter a stringer pallet from all four sides. →

DE Ausklinkmaschine · FR Machine à entailler · ES Máquina de entallar · RU Станок для выборки пазов (выемок) в брусьях · AR آلة التخريم (تشقيق العوارض) · TR Oyuk açma makinesi

National Plant Protection Organization: the official government service responsible for plant health in a country. It supervises ISPM 15 programmes, authorises treatment providers and issues phytosanitary certificates. →

DE NPPO (Pflanzenschutzdienst) · FR ONPV · ES ONPF · RU НОКЗР · AR المنظمة الوطنية لوقاية النبات (NPPO) · TR NPPO

A lightweight, low-cost pallet designed for a single trip and usually not returned or repaired, in contrast to a reusable or pool pallet. →

DE Einwegpalette · FR Palette perdue (à usage unique) · ES Palé de un solo uso · RU Разовый поддон · AR باليت للاستخدام لمرة واحدة · TR Tek kullanımlık palet

Warehouse process of collecting items from storage to fulfil customer orders. Pallet picking takes full pallets, while case or piece picking assembles mixed pallets. →

DE Kommissionierung · FR Préparation de commandes · ES Preparación de pedidos (picking) · RU Комплектация заказов · AR تجهيز الطلبات (Order picking) · TR Sipariş toplama

A panel made of wood strands bonded with resin in cross-oriented layers, used for crate panels and moulded or sheet-based packaging. →

DE OSB-Platte (Grobspanplatte) · FR Panneau OSB (panneau de grandes particules orientées) · ES Tablero OSB (virutas orientadas) · RU Плита OSB (ориентированно-стружечная) · AR لوح OSB (رقائق خشبية موجّهة) · TR OSB levha (yönlendirilmiş yongalevha)

Part of a load that extends beyond the edge of the pallet. It reduces stability and support, exposes goods to damage and usually lowers the load capacity of the pallet. →

DE Überstand · FR Débord · ES Voladizo (sobresalido) · RU Свес груза · AR بروز الحمولة · TR Taşma (yük taşması)

A portable platform, usually of wood, on which goods are stacked so that they can be lifted, moved and stored as a single unit by a forklift or pallet jack. →

DE Palette · FR Palette · ES Palé · RU Поддон · AR باليت (منصة نقالة) · TR Palet

A solid timber, chipwood or plastic spacer between top and bottom decks of a block pallet; Euro pallet blocks measure 145 × 145 × 78 mm or 145 × 100 × 78 mm. →

DE Palettenklotz · FR Bloc de palette · ES Taco de palé · RU Шашка поддона · AR كتلة الباليت · TR Palet takozu

A hinged wooden frame, usually 200 mm high, that is placed on a pallet and stacked, converting it into a stackable container for bulk goods. →

DE Aufsetzrahmen · FR Réhausse de palette · ES Marco de palé (aro) · RU Борт для поддона (надстава) · AR إطار الباليت (طوق) · TR Palet yakası (palet çemberi)

A machine that cuts or pulls nails to separate used pallets into boards and blocks for reuse in repair or recycling. →

DE Palettenzerlegemaschine · FR Machine de démontage de palettes · ES Desmontadora de palés · RU Станок для разборки поддонов · AR آلة تفكيك الباليت · TR Palet söküm makinesi

Practice of swapping an equal number of empty pallets of comparable quality for the loaded ones at delivery. It is common in open systems such as EPAL. →

DE Palettentausch · FR Échange de palettes · ES Intercambio de palés · RU Обмен поддонов · AR تبادل الباليتات · TR Palet değişimi (takas)

A hand-pumped or electric low-lift truck whose forks slide into a pallet's openings to lift it a few centimetres for short-distance moves. →

DE Hubwagen (Palettenhubwagen) · FR Transpalette · ES Transpaleta · RU Гидравлическая тележка (рохля) · AR عربة رفع الباليت (جاك) · TR Transpalet

Pallets that disappear from a circulation system or are not returned, through theft, misdelivery, improper reuse or poor record-keeping. It is a main cost factor in pooling and exchange systems. →

DE Palettenverlust · FR Perte de palettes · ES Pérdida de palés · RU Потери поддонов · AR فقدان الباليتات · TR Palet kaybı

A machine that drives nails automatically into pre-positioned boards and blocks or stringers to assemble pallets, from semi-automatic units to full lines. →

DE Palettennagelmaschine · FR Cloueuse de palettes · ES Clavadora de palés · RU Гвоздезабивной станок для поддонов · AR آلة تسمير الباليت · TR Palet çivileme makinesi

Cooperative of independent hauliers that exchange palletised consignments through a central hub, offering next-day delivery of single pallets across a region or country. →

DE Palettennetzwerk · FR Réseau palettes · ES Red de palés · RU Паллетная сеть · AR شبكة نقل الباليتات · TR Palet ağı

A rental system in which a pool operator owns and supplies standardised pallets, collects them after use, then inspects, repairs and reissues them. →

DE Palettenpooling · FR Pooling de palettes · ES Pooling de palés · RU Поддонный пулинг · AR تجميع الباليت (نظام المشاركة) · TR Palet havuz sistemi (pooling)

Warehouse storage system of steel uprights and horizontal beams that holds pallets on several levels. Each pallet position can be reached by a forklift or stacker crane. →

DE Palettenregal · FR Rayonnage à palettes · ES Estantería para palés · RU Паллетные стеллажи · AR رفوف الباليتات · TR Palet rafı

Replacing damaged boards, blocks or stringers on used pallets to restore them to a defined quality standard, such as the EPAL repair criteria. →

DE Palettenreparatur · FR Réparation de palettes · ES Reparación de palés · RU Ремонт поддонов · AR إصلاح الباليت · TR Palet onarımı

A machine that automatically stacks finished pallets into piles or takes them from a pile one at a time to feed a line. →

DE Palettenstapler (Palettenentstapler) · FR Gerbeur (dégerbeur) de palettes · ES Apiladora (desapiladora) de palés · RU Штабелёр (разштабелёр) поддонов · AR آلة تكديس (فك تكديس) الباليت · TR Palet istifleme (istif açma) makinesi

Official document issued by the exporting country's NPPO confirming that plants or plant products meet the importing country's plant health requirements. Wood packaging is normally shown compliant by the ISPM 15 mark instead. →

DE Pflanzengesundheitszeugnis · FR Certificat phytosanitaire · ES Certificado fitosanitario · RU Фитосанитарный сертификат · AR شهادة الصحة النباتية · TR Fitosaniter sertifika

Microscopic roundworm, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, carried by Monochamus longhorn beetles. It causes pine wilt disease, and infested wood packaging is a recognised pathway for its spread. →

DE Kiefernholznematode · FR Nématode du pin · ES Nematodo de la madera del pino · RU Сосновая стволовая нематода · AR نيماتودا الصنوبر · TR Çam odun nematodu

A panel made of thin wood veneers glued in layers with grain alternating at right angles, used for crates, panels and some pallets. →

DE Sperrholz · FR Contreplaqué · ES Contrachapado · RU Фанера · AR خشب رقائقي (أبلكاش) · TR Kontrplak

A compressed-air hand tool that drives pallet nails from a magazine or coil, used for assembly and repair work. →

DE Druckluftnagler · FR Cloueur pneumatique · ES Clavadora neumática · RU Пневматический гвоздезабивной пистолет · AR مسدس مسامير هوائي · TR Havalı çivi tabancası

EU Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation (EU) 2025/40, which sets rules on recyclability, reuse targets, recycled content and labelling for packaging. It also covers transport packaging such as pallets. →

DE PPWR (EU-Verpackungsverordnung) · FR PPWR (règlement emballages) · ES PPWR (Reglamento de envases) · RU PPWR (регламент ЕС об упаковке) · AR لائحة الاتحاد الأوروبي للتعبئة والنفايات (PPWR) · TR PPWR (AB Ambalaj Tüzüğü)

Quarantine and pre-shipment (QPS) uses of methyl bromide are exempt from the Montreal Protocol's phase-out controls. This exemption allowed MB treatment of wood packaging to continue in some countries. →

DE QPS-Ausnahme · FR Exemption QPS · ES Exención QPS · RU Исключение QPS · AR استثناء الحجر الصحي وما قبل الشحن (QPS) · TR QPS istisnası

Pest of potential economic importance to an area that is absent there, or present but not widely distributed and officially controlled. Phytosanitary rules aim to keep such pests out. →

DE Quarantäneschädling · FR Organisme de quarantaine · ES Plaga cuarentenaria · RU Карантинный вредный организм · AR آفة حجرية · TR Karantina zararlısı

A pallet with sufficient stiffness and load capacity to be supported across its width on racking beams without excessive deflection. →

DE Regalfähige Palette · FR Palette stockable en rayonnage · ES Palé apto para estantería · RU Поддон для стеллажного хранения · AR باليت صالح للأرفف · TR Raflanabilir palet

A fast-growing softwood (Pinus radiata) grown in New Zealand, Chile, Australia and elsewhere, widely sawn for pallets and packaging. →

DE Radiata-Kiefer · FR Pin radiata · ES Pino radiata · RU Сосна лучистая (радиата) · AR صنوبر راديتا · TR Radiata çamı

A nail with annular rings along its shank that grips wood fibres and resists withdrawal, the standard fastener for pallets. →

DE Ringnagel (Rillennagel) · FR Clou annelé · ES Clavo anillado · RU Гвоздь с кольцевой накаткой · AR مسمار حلقي الساق · TR Halkalı çivi

Sapwood is the outer, living part of the trunk that carries sap; heartwood is the inner, inactive core, often darker and in some species more durable. →

DE Splintholz und Kernholz · FR Aubier et duramen · ES Albura y duramen · RU Заболонь и ядро · AR الخشب الحديث والخشب القلبي · TR Diri odun ve öz odun

A facility where logs are debarked, sawn into boards and timber, then sorted, dried and graded for sale or further processing. →

DE Sägewerk · FR Scierie · ES Aserradero · RU Лесопильный завод (лесопильное предприятие) · AR مَنشَرة · TR Kereste fabrikası (hızar)

Wood sawn lengthwise from logs into boards, planks or squared sections, as opposed to round wood; the main raw material for pallets. →

DE Schnittholz · FR Bois sciés (sciages) · ES Madera aserrada · RU Пиломатериалы · AR الخشب المنشور (الأخشاب المنشورة) · TR Biçilmiş kereste

Plastic film hood pulled over a palletised load and shrunk with heat to fit tightly. It protects goods against dust and moisture and also stabilises the load. →

DE Schrumpfhaube · FR Housse thermorétractable · ES Funda retráctil · RU Термоусадочный чехол · AR غطاء الانكماش الحراري · TR Shrink kılıf (çekme kılıf)

A platform with a top deck but no bottom deck, resting on runners; used for heavy machinery and loads moved by forklift or pallet jack. →

DE Kufe (Skid) · FR Traîneau (skid) · ES Patín (skid) · RU Салазки (скид) · AR زلاجة (سكيد) · TR Kızak taban (skid)

Heavy timber base without bottom deckboards, made of beams or runners, on which machinery is bolted or crated. Its open design lets forklifts lift heavy loads from the sides or ends. →

DE Kufe (Transportkufe) · FR Patin (embase en bois) · ES Base de largueros (skid) · RU Полозья (скид) · AR قاعدة بعوارض (Skid) · TR Kızak (endüstriyel skid)

A thin sheet of cardboard, plastic or fibreboard with one or more tabs, used instead of a pallet and handled by a push-pull attachment. →

DE Slip-Sheet (Gleitblatt) · FR Feuille de glissement (slip sheet) · ES Hoja deslizante (slip sheet) · RU Слип-шит (прокладка-поддон) · AR ورقة انزلاق (سليب شيت) · TR Kayar tabaka (slip sheet)

Timber from coniferous trees such as pine, spruce and fir; light and easy to work, it is the main raw material for pallets in most regions. →

DE Nadelholz · FR Bois résineux · ES Madera de coníferas · RU Хвойная древесина · AR الخشب اللين (أخشاب الصنوبريات) · TR İğne yapraklı ağaç odunu (yumuşak odun)

Serial Shipping Container Code: an 18-digit GS1 identifier that uniquely identifies a logistic unit such as a pallet and is printed on its label as a barcode. →

DE SSCC · FR SSCC · ES SSCC · RU SSCC · AR SSCC · TR SSCC

Arrangement of cartons or packages in each layer of a palletised load. Interlocked patterns overlap the layers to improve stability, while column stacking maximises vertical compression strength. →

DE Packschema (Stapelmuster) · FR Plan de palettisation · ES Esquema de paletizado · RU Схема укладки · AR نمط الرصّ · TR İstif düzeni

Steel or plastic (PP or PET) bands tensioned around a load or pallet to hold it together and secure it to the pallet. Often used together with corner protectors. →

DE Umreifung · FR Cerclage · ES Fleje · RU Обвязка лентой · AR التشريط · TR Çemberleme

Stretchable plastic film, usually polyethylene, wound tightly around a palletised load. Its elastic recovery holds the goods together and to the pallet during handling and transport. →

DE Stretchfolie · FR Film étirable · ES Film estirable · RU Стретч-плёнка · AR الغلاف المطاطي (ستريتش) · TR Streç film

Securing a palletised load by winding stretch film around it, by hand or machine, so that the goods stay stable and protected in transit. →

DE Stretchen (Stretchfolierung) · FR Filmage étirable · ES Enfardado con film extensible · RU Обмотка стретч-плёнкой · AR اللف بالفيلم الممتد · TR Streç film sarma

A continuous board or block running the length of a pallet between the decks that supports the top deck boards and provides fork openings. →

DE Stringer (Längsholz) · FR Longeron · ES Larguero · RU Брус (поддона) · AR عارضة طولية (سترينغر) · TR Kızak (uzunlama kereste)

A pallet with three or more parallel boards (stringers) between the decks; forks enter freely from two ends, and notched versions also allow four-way entry. →

DE Stringerpalette (Kufenpalette) · FR Palette à longerons · ES Palé de largueros · RU Поддон на брусьях · AR باليت بعوارض طولية · TR Kızaklı palet

Fumigant added to ISPM 15 as an approved treatment in 2018, coded SF. It is an alternative to methyl bromide, but its efficacy depends on temperature, dose and exposure time. →

DE Sulfurylfluorid (SF) · FR Fluorure de sulfuryle (SF) · ES Fluoruro de sulfurilo (SF) · RU Сульфурилфторид (SF) · AR فلوريد السلفوريل (SF) · TR Sülfüril florür (SF)

Twenty-foot equivalent unit: standard measure of container capacity based on the 20-foot container. A 40-foot container counts as two TEU. →

DE TEU · FR EVP (TEU) · ES TEU · RU TEU (двадцатифутовый эквивалент) · AR وحدة TEU (المكافئ لعشرين قدماً) · TR TEU

Standardised pallet or container used to load baggage and cargo onto aircraft. Air cargo pallets are usually aluminium and shaped to fit a specific aircraft contour. →

DE ULD (Unit Load Device) · FR ULD (dispositif d'unité de chargement) · ES ULD (dispositivo de unidad de carga) · RU ULD (унифицированное грузовое устройство) · AR وحدة التحميل الجوي (ULD) · TR ULD (birim yükleme cihazı)

Goods or packages assembled on a pallet or similar base so that they can be handled, stored and transported as a single unit by mechanical equipment.

DE Ladeeinheit · FR Unité de charge · ES Unidad de carga · RU Грузовая единица · AR وحدة التحميل · TR Yük birimi

Chemical released as vapour from paper, film or foam that forms a thin protective layer on metal surfaces. Used inside sealed export packaging to prevent corrosion. →

DE VCI (flüchtiger Korrosionsinhibitor) · FR VCI (inhibiteur de corrosion volatil) · ES VCI (inhibidor volátil de corrosión) · RU ЛИК (летучий ингибитор коррозии, VCI) · AR مثبّطات التآكل المتطايرة (VCI) · TR VCI (uçucu korozyon önleyici)

Missing wood or remaining bark along an edge or corner of a sawn board, caused by sawing close to the outside of the log. →

DE Baumkante · FR Flache (wane) · ES Gema (canto muerto) · RU Обзол · AR حافة غير مستوية (ونّ) · TR Yuvarlak kenar (kabuklu kenar)

Packaging made of raw wood, such as pallets, crates, boxes, cable drums and dunnage. Processed wood products like plywood, OSB and veneer are not covered by ISPM 15. →

DE Holzverpackungsmaterial (HPM) · FR Emballage en bois · ES Embalaje de madera · RU Деревянная упаковка (ДУМ) · AR مواد التعبئة الخشبية · TR Ahşap ambalaj malzemesi (AAM)